1  I said in my heart: 'Come now, I will try thee with mirth, and enjoy pleasure'; and, behold, this also was vanity.

1  I said in my heart: “I will go forth and overflow with delights, and I will enjoy good things.” And I saw that this, too, is emptiness.

1  I SAID to my heart, Come now, I will prove you with joy; therefore enjoy good things; and, behold, this also is vanity.

2  I said of laughter: 'It is mad'; and of mirth: 'What doth it accomplish?'

2  I said to laughter, Madness: and to mirth, Why doest thou this

2  Laughter, I considered an error. And to rejoicing, I said: “Why are you being deceived, to no purpose?”

3  I searched in my heart how to pamper my flesh with wine, and, my heart conducting itself with wisdom, how yet to lay hold on folly, till I might see which it was best for the sons of men that they should do under the heaven the few days of their life.

3  I decided in my heart to withdraw my flesh from wine, so that I might bring my mind to wisdom, and turn away from foolishness, until I see what is useful for the sons of men, and what they ought to do under the sun, during the number of the days of their life.

4  I made me great works; I builded me houses; I planted me vineyards;

4  I magnified my works. I built houses for myself, and I planted vineyards.

4  I multiplied my servants; I built myself houses; I planted vineyards for myself

5  I made me gardens and parks, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of fruit;

5  I made gardens and orchards. And I planted them with trees of every kind.

6  I made me pools of water, to water therefrom the wood springing up with trees;

6  And I dug out fishponds of water, so that I might irrigate the forest of growing trees.

6  I made myself pools of water, to irrigate the nursery that produces trees.

7  I acquired men-servants and maid-servants, and had servants born in my house; also I had great possessions of herds and flocks, above all that were before me in Jerusalem;

7  I obtained men and women servants, and I had a great family, as well as herds of cattle and great flocks of sheep, beyond all who were before me in Jerusalem.

8  I gathered me also silver and gold, and treasure such as kings and the provinces have as their own; I got me men-singers and women-singers, and the delights of the sons of men, women very many.

8  Moreover I collected for myself both silver and gold also, and the peculiar treasures of kings and provinces: I procured me singing men and singing women, and delights of the sons of men, a butler and female cupbearers.

8  I amassed for myself silver and gold, and the wealth of kings and governors. I chose men and women singers, and the delights of the sons of men, bowls and pitchers for the purpose of pouring wine.

9  So I was great, and increased more than all that were before me in Jerusalem; also my wisdom stood me in stead.

9  So I became great, and advanced beyond all that were before in Jerusalem: also my wisdom was established to me.

9  And I surpassed in opulence all who were before me in Jerusalem. My wisdom also persevered with me.

10  And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them; I withheld not my heart from any joy, for my heart had joy of all my labour; and this was my portion from all my labour.

10  And all that my eyes desired, I did not refuse them. Neither did I prohibit my heart from enjoying every pleasure, and from amusing itself in the things that I had prepared. And I regarded this as my share, as if I were making use of my own labors.

11  Then I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought, and on the labour that I had laboured to do; and, behold, all was vanity and a striving after wind, and there was no profit under the sun.

11  And I looked on all my works which my hands had wrought, and on my labour which I laboured to perform: and behold, all was vanity and waywardness of spirit, and there is no advantage under the sun.

11  But when I turned myself toward all the works that my hands had made, and to the labors in which I had perspired to no purpose, I saw emptiness and affliction of the soul in all things, and that nothing is permanent under the sun.

12  And I turned myself to behold wisdom, and madness and folly; for what can the man do that cometh after the king? even that which hath been already done.

12  Then I looked on to see wisdom, and madness, and folly: for who is the man who will follow after counsel, in all things where in he employs it?

13  Then I saw that wisdom excelleth folly, as far as light excelleth darkness.

13  And I saw that wisdom excels folly, as much as light excels darkness.

13  And I saw that wisdom surpasses foolishness, so much so that they differ as much as light from darkness.

14  The wise man, his eyes are in his head; but the fool walketh in darkness. And I also perceived that one event happeneth to them all.

14  The eyes of a wise man are in his head. A foolish man walks in darkness. Yet I learned that one would pass away like the other.

15  Then said I in my heart: 'As it happeneth to the fool, so will it happen even to me; and why was I then more wise?' Then I said in my heart, that this also is vanity.

15  And I said in my heart, As the event of the fool is, so shall it be to me, even to me: and to what purpose have I gained wisdom? I said moreover in my heart, This is also vanity, because the fool speaks of his abundance.

15  And I said in my heart: “If the death of both the foolish and myself will be one, how does it benefit me, if I have given myself more thoroughly to the work of wisdom?” And as I was speaking within my own mind, I perceived that this, too, is emptiness.

16  For of the wise man, even as of the fool, there is no remembrance for ever; seeing that in the days to come all will long ago have been forgotten. And how must the wise man die even as the fool!

16  For there will not be a remembrance in perpetuity of the wise, nor of the foolish. And the future times will cover everything together, with oblivion. The learned die in a manner similar to the unlearned.

17  So I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun was grievous unto me; for all is vanity and a striving after wind.

17  And, because of this, my life wearied me, since I saw that everything under the sun is evil, and everything is empty and an affliction of the spirit.

17  Therefore I hated life; because the work that is wrought under the sun is grievous to me; for all is vanity and vexation of spirit.

18  And I hated all my labour wherein I laboured under the sun, seeing that I must leave it unto the man that shall be after me.

18  Again, I detested all my efforts, by which I had earnestly labored under the sun, to be taken up by an heir after me,

19  And who knoweth whether he will be a wise man or a fool? yet will he have rule over all my labour wherein I have laboured, and wherein I have shown myself wise under the sun. This also is vanity.

19  though I know not whether he will be wise or foolish. And yet he will have power over my labors, in which I have toiled and been anxious. And is there anything else so empty?

20  Therefore I turned about to cause my heart to despair concerning all the labour wherein I had laboured under the sun.

20  so I went about to dismiss from my heart all my labour wherein I had laboured under the sun.

21  For there is a man whose labour is with wisdom, and with knowledge, and with skill; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil.

21  For when someone labors in wisdom, and doctrine, and prudence, he leaves behind what he has obtained to one who is idle. So this, too, is emptiness and a great burden.

21  There is a man who labors with wisdom and knowledge and success; and yet he leaves his portion to a man who has not labored for it. This also is vanity and a great misfortune.

22  For what hath a man of all his labour, and of the striving of his heart, wherein he laboureth under the sun?

22  For how can a man benefit from all his labor and affliction of spirit, by which he has been tormented under the sun?

23  For all his days are pains, and his occupation vexation; yea, even in the night his heart taketh not rest. This also is vanity.

23  For all his days are days of sorrows, and vexation of spirit is his; in the night also his heart rests not. This is also vanity.

23  All his days have been filled with sorrows and hardships; neither does he rest his mind, even in the night. And is this not emptiness?

24  There is nothing better for a man than that he should eat and drink, and make his soul enjoy pleasure for his labour. This also I saw, that it is from the hand of God.

24  A man has nothing really good to eat, and to drink, and to shew his soul as good in his trouble. This also I saw, that it is from the hand of God.

24  Is it not better to eat and drink, and to show his soul the good things of his labors? And this is from the hand of God.

25  For who will eat, or who will enjoy, if not I?

25  So who will feast and overflow with delights as much as I have?

25  For who can eat or who can drink except he?

26  For to the man that is good in His sight He giveth wisdom, and knowledge, and joy; but to the sinner He giveth the task, to gather and to heap up, that he may leave to him that is good in the sight of God. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

26  For God has given to the man who is good in his sight, wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but he has given to the sinner trouble, to add and to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God; for this is also vanity and waywardness of spirit.

26  God has given, to the man who is good in his sight, wisdom, and knowledge, and rejoicing. But to the sinner, he has given affliction and needless worrying, so as to add, and to gather, and to deliver, to him who has pleased God. But this, too, is emptiness and a hollow worrying of the mind.